Film Analysis Saving Private Ryan Movie Reviews

Introduction In 1998, Steven Spielberg directed a World War 2 film showing the events that happened during the Normandy invasion. The film was called â€Å"saving Private Ryan† and was based in Normandy and some parts of France. Screen play for the film was done by Rodat Robert with main actors being Tom Hanks as Captain John Miller, Tom Sizemore as Mike Hovarth, Barry Pepper as Daniel Jackson, Adam Goldberg as Stanley ‘Fish’ Mellish, Vin Diesel as Adrian Carpazo, Giovanni Ribisi as Irwin Wade, Jeremy Davis as Timothy Upham, and Matt Damon as Private James Rayan. The movie was produced to depict a very dramatic, strong, and serious theme. Indeed the result is that it was successful in proving the historical accuracy of the Normandy event despite the minor flows which are common in all movie productions. This hypothesis will be tested and proved in the following analysis and discussions. Story Telling The narrative structure of the film is in the form of an elaborative flashback that occurred in the 1940’s during World War 2. An old Private Ryan is in the cemetery paying his last respects when the film takes us back to the actual time that the Normandy war and saving of his life occurred. The plot of the film is in a chronological order; from the flashback the plot has been orderly arranged to show various events that led to the actual mission of saving Private Ryan. Therefore, the story takes place in Normandy and some parts of France where American soldiers attack the Omaha beach and in turn a chain reaction is set that ultimately leads to a mission whose sole purpose is to save private Ryan—Matt Damon—and return him to Iowa. There is a conflict of accurately showing the exact places where events occurred. This is solved by the producer naming new scenes and also indicating the exact years events occurred using sub-titles. There was also a conflict of whether it was worthwhile to save Private James Ryan, the last of four brothers all of whom died in action. Top administrators argue that it would be wasting resources but the chief of staff resolved the conflict by reading to them Abraham Lincolns letter to Mrs. Bixby. The letter made them pass a resolution to save the last brother. The same internal conflict also affected characters where several of them questioning the relevance of the mission. For instance, Hovath a cynical New Yorker was stating, â€Å"we are not here to do the decent thing but to follow fucking orders.† There is symbolism used in the film, the kind used are old weapons, aeroplanes, and boats all helping to depict the accurate time war took place. Metaphors are commonly used in the story with an instance such in the earlier scene where the chief of staff compares the scenario of a mother at risk of losing all her four sons at war to that of Mrs Bixbie during the American Revolution war. Furthermore, there is a situational irony where the German soldier that was spared by Captain Miller ended up killing him at the end of the film. Satire has also been used frequently where one of the characters retorts that,† Ryan better be worth it-he better go home and cure some disease or invent a longer lasting light bulb.† The film helps in relating with the storyline where it shows the pains that soldiers underwent in taking lives or losing their comrades. It also helps in painting the exact conditions that the soldiers underwent in the frontlines. The conditions were terrible with some of them wishing there was even a three star hotel nearby and even picking of apples in the field and eating them. However, the film does not address universal truths completely. Surely, there is the truth of showing accurate conditions that soldiers undergo in the frontlines, but it is incorrect for the film to show that Americans were the only ones who fought the Normandy wars. It has been proven that countries such as France, British helped out. Acting There are a total of nineteen actors with the major ones being: Tom Hanks as Captain John Miller, Tom Sizemore as Mike Hovarth, Barry Pepper as Daniel Jackson, Adam Goldberg as Stanley ‘Fish’ Mellish, Vin Diesel as Adrian Carpazo, Giovanni Ribisi as Irwin Wade, Jeremy Davis as Timothy Upham, and Matt Damon as Private James Ryan. The types of actors in the movie are: Matt Damon and Tom Hanks as stars; Edward Burns and Tom Sizemore as personality actors when the latter showing loyalty and the former playing the devil’s advocate; and Davis acts as an interpreter and personality actor where he is seen to know both French and German plus being timid and hiding when violence surrounds him at the end of the film. The acting in the movie is film acting with actors required by the director to use method acting technique. In the technique, thoughts and emotions of their characters were created so as to develop life like performances such as in the case of Harrison Young, the present day Ryan who wept when remembering the sacrifice of the soldiers who rescued him (Pramaggiore Wallis, 2005). Actors convey the story in the film through real emotions and thoughts which is helped by the director when he requires the usage of correct tone is communication, and focusing of the camera to a character when expressing emotions and thoughts. The movement of characters in the settings have enhanced the understanding of traits of the actors. For instance, hiding of Davis showed that he was a coward in the field while self less act of Howarth of allowing the team to move ahead while he fought the enemy in the end showed his bravery. Cinematography The appearance of the mise en scene in the film is the reality of war where there were numerous bodies of war casualities, blood, destroyed buildings and property. Furthermore, there were no civilians signifying that they had been displaced. The lighting of the scenes in the film was different where in the present day scenes it was less diffused compared to war times. This contrasting lighting signified differences in times where in olden times the technology was not advanced. Furthermore, saturated colour is used in scenes showing present day while unsaturated colours depicted old times. The shutter timing was set at 450 or 900 as opposed to the normal 1800 timing. In that timing, a special staccato movement of characters and crispness of explosions make the film more realistic (Pramaggiore Wallis, 2005). The camera in the film is subjective where if focuses more on movements, actions, and communications of American soldiers. This is advantageous in the sense of showing a good impression of life for soldiers. However, it was disadvantageous in giving the overall picture of war on the part of losers which in this case were the Germans. However, the director covered the flaws in the movie by introduction of special effects such as actual blood, penetration of bullets under water and hitting soldiers, and usage of real amputees in scenes. Editing The movie is divided into five scenes which are: the introduction showing an older Ryan visiting the Normandy grave in present time; scene of the attack at Omaha beach; scene back in America showing the mother of the Ryans and Chief of staff of the army; scene showing the rescue of the last Ryan; and the last scene is back at the cemetery. The shots in the scene were in a subjective form where the audience would view what the character views. The shots signifying the scenes were blended together in form of a cut (jump cut) where it seems inconsistent with the next shot. This is used to anchor the image of scenes being at different eras and places. Coverage is used when showing the important themes in scenes that would aid in making the film organized (Pramaggiore Wallis, 2005). This is used in scenes such news of three brothers being killed being noticed combined with breaking of news to their mother. The editing style used is continuous where it aims at achieving logical coherence in the film that contains scenes from various time zones. This is used in the film since there is a flashback by the older Ryan. There was also editing of actions that cannot be seen, an example is when the army arrived at the home of the Ryans, the mother collapsed in anguish even before being told of the bad news and then the scene changed without the messengers conveying their message. The rhythm of the film is not uniform since shots have different lengths. Furthermore, there is no instance of slow motion in the film signifying that it was indeed a real life event. Sound The film has few music tacks which are limited to the beginning and at the end of the movie. The music genre is a slow ballad specifically intended to illicit emotions that are to accompany the scene. However, natural sounds cover majority of the movie such as sound of rain, cows mooing, crickets creeping. Limited music is used to strengthen the realistic aspect of the movie where only dialogue amongst people and sound of weapons can be heard (Chick, 2008). Furthermore, sound effects are majorly used in combats where they are used to highlight the intensity and seriousness in which the mission was. However, there is no voice-over narrator as the film scenes are self explanatory. Style and Directing The director Steven Spielberg has shown technical competence where he has managed to portray an actual real life impression of how the Normandy war was. This was done by setting the camera to be subjective hence more expression of thoughts and feelings of soldiers. The editing, weapons, technology, and fashion used in the film show that the director did a lot of research to accurately place the timing of the movie. For instance, guns used were similar to the ones used in World War 2 and the shooting of underwater battles in the attack at Omaha beach showed that he used the best technology in shooting the scene. The director’s point of view is evident as actors in the film seemed like they were comfortable in their roles hence showing they rehearsed for a very long time. The usage of few musical sound tracks, natural sound tracks, and extreme action movements also showed that he wanted a more realistic film. In addition, the film is similar to Spielberg’s past works which all have the basic concept of life in the World War 2 era. Other works of his having the same theme are 1941, and empire of the sun (Chick, 2008). Since the author is trying to bring out an image of World War 2, there is no non-traditional story telling techniques in the film. What he wants to communicate through the film is that indeed the War killed many people and that even survivors were affected for many years. Societal Impact The movie makes one feel like escaping the daily life since all aspects of the society shown signify society in the World War 2 era. However, dialogue between characters in the movie betray what the director intended to accomplish. Language and tone used is modern for instance â€Å"fucking son of a bitch.† Furthermore, there is so much violence in the movie shown by the uncensored version of the movie that I managed to view. The live maiming of humans and bloody combats even resulted to certain parts of the society like Malaysia banning the film (Independent, 2006). However, the film manages to address political and societal issues such as long term effects of wars on families and survivors, pressure on political leaders to go to war, and the hard task it is for soldiers to take human life despite it being their duty. The movie can be seen as an allegory for the negative impact of wars to families. This was seen in the movie when a mother was at risk of losing all her four bo ys in the war in an instance. Also, the old Ryan in the movie was so engulfed in pain and agony as he recalled the events as if they were recent. This assessment is true in real life, as when war veterans saw the movie in theatres, they could not finish it without their emotions taking over because of the real depiction of what happened (Independent, 2006). Genre The film is in the category of an epic film with characteristics such as: being set in a time of war or during a crisis; and covers a long span of time (Pramaggiore Wallis, 2005). The historical setting of the film is in the World War 2 hence the reason why it is an epic film. The film is a pure genre film since there is no blending and the storyline being similar to real life story of the Niland Brothers. Elements such as honour, sacrifice, valour, and historical contexts can help one understand the film better. The film is however similar to western genres but deviates from it when the historical context of the film is set in a time of civilization. Film Criticism and Analysis The referential content in the film is the mission of saving Private Ryan. Every action and movement is geared towards finding the private and returning him home. However, it is ironical that when the team find the Private he did not wish to return back home which makes the title of the movie seem out of place. The explicit content in the movie is patriotism for Americans where, the country decided to save a lone soldier—a private—so that a mother can be saved from the misfortune of burying all her four children. Despite the bravery and patriotism, the soldiers who carry out the mission ridicule the move with some terming it as a misallocation of military resources. On the other hand, the implicit content of the movie is that of honour when, the older private Ryan at the beginning and at the end of the movie is seen to always remember and honour the fallen heroes that saved him. This is seen when he talks to Captain Miller’s grave saying he lived his life to the fullest. The symptomatic content that can be used to analyze the film is the field experience of soldiers on the battle field and the grave scene that contained the older Ryan. The two contents provide proof of honour, pride, pain, and life experiences that occurred in the era of World War 2. Furthermore, in analysis of the film the best approach that can be used is a realist approach where the film is examined by how it represents reality (Pramaggiore Wallis, 2005). This is evident when the director used natural sound tracks and no slow motion in the pictures to create a real impression of the situation. In doing so the director managed to make the audience experience emotions. Conclusion The movie saving Private Ryan was successful in depicting actual events that occurred in the World War 2 events of Omaha assault and battle in Normandy. The pictures were graphic, strong, and realistic up to the level of realism. The historical context was also accurate enabling it to become one of the best epic films in the last century. Despite many criticisms of violence, the actors and director were successful in painting the picture of life on the front lines of World War 2. The only demerits of the film were that it did not show the contribution of other countries like Britain in the Omaha assault, and the dialogue between characters was too modern to be put in the 1940’s era. However, the film was excellent and the producer Steven Spielberg managed to sell his view point of World War 2 to the audience. References How we made the best movie battle scene ever. Independent. June 7, 2006. http://www.independent.ie/unsorted/features/how-we-made-the-best-movie-battle-scene-ever-91583.html. Pramaggiore, M., Wallis, T. (2005). Film: a critical introduction. London: Laurence King Publishing. Pp. 6+ Tom Chick (December 8, 2008). A Close Encounter with Steven Spielberg. Yahoo! Available at: http://videogames.yahoo.com/celebrity-byte/steven-spielberg/1271249. Tom Hanks et al., (1999). Saving Private Ryan. Directed by Steven Spielberg

Importance of Technology in Education Essays - 1310 Words

Everyday life involves technology. Everyday life is no longer simple. If one is not tech savvy, he or she may struggle to make his or her way through the day. In recent times technology has reached a new level of advancements and is taking over everywhere, including the classroom. Which is why San Angelo schools should incorporate more into elementary classrooms. Technology is used for basic actions but can also make activities easier for students. Research shows when technology is integrated into the classroom students can benefit a great deal. Technology should be integrated in the SAISD classroom for daily use. One problem that is faced by the teachers is that they do not know how to use the technology available to them and they are†¦show more content†¦What many do not realize is that with the help of a strong school board and other fellow teachers who are younger/ more technological efficient in the areas that are being taught can be relayed and taught to the older generation of teachers to help the youth of this current generation. The best way to better prepare teachers is to require workshops because â€Å"Multimedia digital technology, computers, and all that goes with them have exploded in terms of need and opportunity concerning K-12 schools throughout the United States. National and state level educational organizations have made recommendations or laws pertaining to the skills teachers should have in the area of technology and its integration across the curriculum† (Rogers, R., Wallace, J. 2011, p.28-61). Many in the field of education do not tend to realize that the schools want to have a greater advancement in the classroom with technology not only due to the students now, but so they can stay ahead of the curve and be ready for the next part of this curveball that science has thrown at us. No one would have thought that we would be where we are at today in education. 15 years ago students were still taking accelerated reader tests off of computers that used dial up for the internet. The greater issue is adapting it into the lesson plans in early childhood education and I believe that this article is the right proposal for it. To start, oneShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Technology In Education823 Words   |  4 Pagesamount of technology on the shelves at ROWVA community School District 208 is very impressive for such a small, rural district. While looking at the vast opportunities available for learning, one may assume that technology is the focus of education, that is not the case. 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How about when you called someone who was currently on the dial up internet, the phone would make that dreadful noise because when using dial up internet you couldn’t use the phone and the internet at the same time. Then times changed and wireless internet came out and wasn’t that just the best creation ever. Who knew you couldRead MoreImportance Of Information Technology In Teacher Education1566 Words   |  7 PagesInformation and Communication Technology in Teacher Education in India: Benefits and Barriers Abstract: Teacher education plays a vital role in developing quality education which is the present requirement in the modem information communication era. Teacher educators are the basis producing the future teachers who are the pillars of nations. The quality of teacher education programmes depend on the quality of teacher educators who are the teachers of teachers. They should be well equipped with

Employee Portfolio Management Plan Free Essays

As a manager at Riordan Manufacturing I recently had three employees take a series of self-assessments. I did this so that I could help manage them effectively. Now that I have these assessments, I will create an Employee Portfolio for each of the employees as a help guide in developing ways to manage them. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Portfolio Management Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first assessment taken was, how satisfied am I with my job? This basically is your general attitude about the job. The higher the score the more satisfied the employee. Amber scored the highest at 73 points. Amber is a highly motivated employee, but complains very openly when she is upset. Chris scored a 62 on the assessment. He is a positive employee but could be more flexible on his working habits. Last is Taylor, who scored a 58. She is motivated but likes to go out of her way to help others. This has caused a few problems in branch she works in. The second assessment taken was the am I engaged? This scale measures work engagement. The higher the score, the more engaged an employee. Taylor scored the highest on this assessment with a 35. Taylor is determined to do the job right but sometimes gets too detail oriented. This causes her work to be late. Chris scored a 32 on the assessment. Chris is a natural leader but has a tendency to get too involved with some of his surroundings. Last is Amber who scored a 25. Amber is persistent which can result in unnecessary talking. The third assessment is how are you feeling right now? This scale ranges 10 to 50, the higher the score the more positive the emotions. Taylor scored the highest at 39; she is a very upbeat young lady who can be emotionally sensitive at times. Next is Chris with 32, he is a self-confident young man but sometimes is insensitive to the needs of others. Last is Amber who scored 27. Amber is a happy individual but gets easily depressed if something upsetting happens. The next assessment is what’s my affect intensity? This assessment measures the strength of an emotion. Scores range from 10 to 50, the higher the score; the more intense the emotion is felt. You can read also Portfolio Management Quizzes Taylor scored a 35, Amber scored a 28, and Chris scored a 23. My recommendations to the three employees are as follows: Taylor should complete her task in the time allowed and not worry about the small insignificant details. Amber should not get too caught up in non-work related conversations. This takes away from the company and allows for personal problems to take place. My recommendations to Chris are that when in social settings, keep it social. When at work, keep it work related. How to cite Employee Portfolio Management Plan, Papers

Henri Cartier

Henri Cartier-Bresson has been called equivocal, ambivalent and accide Essay Henri Cartier-Bresson has been called equivocal, ambivalent and accidental1 since his debut as a photojournalistHenri Cartier-Bresson has been called equivocal, ambivalent and accidental1 since his debut as a photojournalist. Amplified and enriched, the work of the photographer is revealed in all its grandeur. While he may appear to be a hurried man or a traveler without luggage2, to quote a few of his titles, he is a poet, attentive to the act of love made with each photograph, and this is where the genius is revealed. From a desired distance, we discover simultaneously the geographer, who analyses the permanence or vulnerability of cultures; the ethnographer, who captures gestures of work and rituals of religion; the anthropologist, who reflects the spectrum of emotions; and the sociologist, who reveals the development of destinies and histories.3 Cartier-Bressons dependence and uncompromising view of photography; to rely solely on the moment in time, is why he will always be remem bered. Born in 1908, Cartier-Bresson studied painting with Andre Lhote in Paris, then painting and literature at Cambridge University in 1928 and developed a serious interest in photography in 1931. His work was first exhibited at the Julien Levy Gallery, New York, and first published in Vu magazine in 1932. He has been involved in numerous films, such as La Vie est a nous (1936), Le Regle du jeu (1939), his documentary film on the hospitals of Republican Spain in 1937 and his film on the liberation of the concentration camps with Richard Banks called Le Retour (1945). His work has been exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art, New York in 1946, and in 1947 he became co-founder of The Magnum photographic agency. He has published over a dozen books and has had his photographs printed in hundreds of magazines. Cartier-Bresson traveled the world so that he may document and present to others the human condition. His photographs transcend any particular time or place. Instead, they capture the very essence of life, be it Harlem, Madrid, Shanghai or the Paris rue Mouffetard (Ill. 2)4. In rural Europe, silent in the absence of the engine, and where everything was still done by animals and human beings, he portrays, unaltered, a societys captivating traits. At times his poetic intention towards subject matter is inadvertently socially charged, which makes his work all the more intriguing5. Each of Cartier-Bressons photographs presents itself not as part of a series, an archive selected among others, but as a singular work of art which, with its own formal qualities and unique meanings, exists in itself. Throughout his career, he upheld his own philosophy of individuality and spontaneity in the photographic process. He feels that you have to be yourself and you have to forget yourself in order to discover the exact instant and position from which the photographer extracts a moment of meaning from ongoing existence6. Thus results in a style rooted in the own photographers personality and commentary. It is in 1955 that the album Les Europeens, conceived and laid out by Teriade, with a cover page by Juan MirF3, was published. This piece presented a dense portrait of a Europe where, ten years after the war, accumulated ruins, as well as traces of hunger and misery on peoples faces were still clearly visible. In the preface, Cartier-Bresson states that whether we are just passing or settled down in a particular place, in order to express a country or situation, one needs to have somehow established a close working relationship, to be supported by a human community; living ! takes time, and roots take shape slowly One must wonder in the taking of Sunday on the Banks of the Marne (Ill. 5), how much time Cartier-Bresson spent relating to these rural townspeople. His position and proximity behind these men and women suggests an amiable relationship between artist and subject matter. This intimacy is even more evident in his portraiture of Henri Mattise, Ve nce (Ill. 3). The circumstances of the portrait tell us that Cartier-Bresson has allowed us into Matisses home, and most significantly, his life. Compositionally is where Cartier-Bresson shines. He has a tendency to have his primary subjects; ordinary men and women, in dramatic movement, thus illustrated in Place de lEurope (Ill. 1), Hyeres (Cover), and Siphnos (Ill. 4). This occasionally results in the blurring of the subject, resulting in a silhouette. This however sets the subject apart to become the focal point of the composition, and breathes life into the moment itself. The aforementioned photographs also demonstrate his ability of capturing a moment from twenty to thirty feet away, without losing its intensity. This ability of his, to freeze people in the most extraordinary or fantastic of circumstances, creates an almost surreal aura admist the picture plane. Henri Cartier-Bresson is consistent with the style of The Magnum Agency, which he co-founded with fellow photojournal ists Robert Capa, Chim and Rodger high levels of contrast and distant shots, where strong composition is only improved upon by its compelling subject matter. This is evident in Rene Burris Tien An Men Square. However Cartier-Bresson apparently utilizes railings and vertical repetition within his compositions more effectively. It is this repetition that allows him to clarify a photos focal point. The photographer was inspired primarily by Kertesz, whose sensitivity and personality remained dominant within his work depite its wide publication and commision. Cartier-Bressons most captivating work has been done on his travels, and are unintentionally politically or socially charged. Since 1932 and his first Leica: Spain and Italy, which he visited in particular with Andre Pieyre de Mandiargues, he has brought back photographs since become unforgettable. In France, the experience of the Front Populaire and paid vacations in 1937, which he covers closely, offers a lyrical and budding pro mise to his work7. After 1955, his collection is enriched with new travels, in particular to Germany, and to East-Berlin in 1962. His book Images a la Sauvette was published in 1952 in Paris (The Decisive Moment, New York) and in 1955 he produced The Europeans. His philosophy of the decisive moment resulted in his influence on Robert Doisneau, Willy Ronis, Izis and Edouard Boubat8. ! Consider the composition of Doisneaus Three Children in the Park (1971)- a Classical statue gives way to the three playful children in the distance. Like Cartier-Bresson, there is a sublime magic at work; the tiny subjects become dominant within their awkward surroundings. Henri Cartier-Bressons work, at times, appears to be a dream. Have these moments really existed, these crowds really met, these posters calling people to fight really been posted, these kisses really been exchanged, these plates really been used, these encounters really occurred? The characters, faces, expressions, clothing, scenery, streets, houses, the ways of moving, of tending or bending an arm, have changed so much over half a century, it is as if we are the inheritors of history written before our very eyes. Everything would be but illusion, if it were not for the roll of film, which turns faithfully to preserve an everlasting trace Twenty years ago, Cartier-Bresson put down the camera and resumed where he started painting and drawing. Photography is to put in the same line of sight the head, the eye and the heart Henri Cartier-Bresson. .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1 , .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1 .postImageUrl , .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1 , .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1:hover , .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1:visited , .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1:active { border:0!important; } .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1:active , .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1 .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue27aaee57c3ea342b031f8e3cbea73c1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo And Juliet Star Crossed Lovers Essay REFERENCES 1 Clair, Jean, Henri Cartier-Bresson, http://www.picture.fr/mep/us/cartier1.htm 2 Fetterman, Peter, Henri Cartier-Bresson, http://www.visualradio.com/photoarts/fetterman/exhibits/bresson/bresson-bio.ht 3 Rosenblum, Naomi, A World History of Photography, Cross River Press, New York, 1984. 4 Gernsheim, Helmut, A Concise History of Photography, Dover Publications, New York, 1965. 1 Sheed, Sheila Turner, Henri Cartier-Bresson (interview), Popular Photography, May, 1974, p.142 2 Clair, Jean, Henri Cartier-Bresson, http://www.picture.fr/mep/us/cartier1.htm 3 Ibid. 4 Fetterman, Peter, Henri Cartier-Bresson, http://www.visualradio.com/photoarts/fetterman/exhibits/bresson/bresson-bio.html 5 Rosenblum, Naomi, A World History of Photography, p. 513 6 Newhall, B., The Instant Vision of Henri Cartier-Bresson, p.4857 Op. Cit., Clair,Jean 8 Op. Cit., Rosenblum, Naomi, p. 483

The Concept of String Theory

String theory is a concept developed by physicists trying to explain the fundamental nature of matter and space. The concept has various interpretations, but has the ability to explain the phenomenon of existence. Since the most fundamental particles do not exhibit the properties of matter that bigger objects have, some scientists consider them non-dimensional (Van Proeyen 12).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of String Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means they do not have width, length or depth. General relativity holds that all matter and space exists in four dimensions. Depth, width, and length of all matter and space exist through time (Kane 46). This means that time is the fourth dimension. Distortion of time results in distortion of the other three dimensions, which are the dimensions of space. This is quite different from Newtonian physics, which does not consider time a dimension. However, practical science is based on Newtonian physics. Although the theories of relativity are not applicable in practical science to a satisfactory extent, they are accepted as the true explanations of the phenomenon of existence (Zwiebach 16). The effort to understand the seemingly dimensionless nature of fundamental particles and the four dimensional nature of matter and space in one theory has led to development of string theory. According to string theory, there are other more fundamental dimensions contained in the four dimensions of physical existence that are normally experienced. The additional dimensions add to the four known dimensions to make eleven-dimensional world (Van Proeyen 41). Compression of these dimensions into the fabric of universal existence makes them undetectable by any physical means. However, several mathematical models have been used to prove their existence and the nature of their interaction. The string theory explains the manner in which the one- dimensional basic particles interact to result into a four dimensional existence. Matter, space, and time are a yield of this interaction. Fundamental particles are made up of one-dimensional strings, which interact with unidirectional membranes to create a particle (Zwiebach 18). Gravitational force, a phenomenon that has not yet been understood by scientists is explained as a product of string interaction. Scientists have already developed a mathematical form for gravity. The wave nature of matter is a part of the theory explaining how the fundamental particles exist. One certain kind of wave motion is responsible for all behaviors of matter and space. The string theory is the only theory that offers a single explanation to the nature of matter and space. However, since the theory proposes the existence of dimensions that cannot be physically assessed, it is not possible to test its integrity.Advertising Looking for essay on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other challenging theories have endured criticism to emerge as possible alternatives to the string theory since they can be tested, and have an observable fundamental constant. Advocates of the string theory believe that a universal constant exists within the string theory, but a mathematical proof has not been developed yet (Zwiebach 22). This constant and a testing mechanism for the string theory are the only remaining constituents that can establish the theory as a proven fact. The nine-dimensional vibration of each string is unique and yields the properties of fundamental particles. The ends of a single cosmic string are joined such that an indefinite loop is formed. Forces of interaction attract the string towards the centre of the loop (Van Proeyen 45). This action is responsible for the appearance of fundamental particles as singular points with no dimensions at all. The dimensions of the physical world are fixed in certain d irections according to Newtonian physics. In string theory, dimensions are mathematical representations with no directional properties of the three spatial dimensions. Moreover, these dimensions are compressed into a manifold such that they are not testable by any physical means (Zwiebach 30). This is attributed to the infinitesimal distances that represent the particular dimensions. Since mathematics is largely based on spatial dimensions, there is no method to test the presence of cosmic strings within the current mathematical scope. Several propositions assume that the invisible dimensions are responsible for the unexplained forces that are observed in nature. Electromagnetic wave is assumed to be made up of a certain combinations of the dimensions. Gravity, a force whose presence is established by empirical evidence only, is also considered a product of the additional dimensions (Van Proeyen 15). This is why gravitational force and its characteristics such as inertia do not seem to emanate from any one physical location. The string theory presents a single explanation for existence of all matter and space. Through the string theory, it is possible to understand the relation between space and time. The relative relationship that makes time similar to space can be understood through string theory. The small dimensions of the strings make it impossible to investigate the pattern in which they are woven together (Van Proeyen 7). If a definite pattern in which the strings are woven is identified, it is possible to understand the construction of forces and the difference between various forces. However, the ability to understand the fundamental constituents of time and force can discredit all conventional physics, as it is understood today (Zwiebach 74). Such knowledge could also result in breakdown of phenomena such as the construction of time towards the future.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of String Theory specifically fo r you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Kane, G. L.. Perspectives on supersymmetry II. Singapore: World Scientific, 2010. Print. Van Proeyen, Antoine. â€Å"A First Course in String Theory.† Intensive Theoretical Studies 5.3 (2008): 5-60. Print. Zwiebach, Barton. A first course in string theory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Print. This essay on The Concept of String Theory was written and submitted by user Andrew Marks to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Organisation Culture

Organisational Culture Organizational culture can be described in a few ways. Marvin Bower & McKinseys has defined culture as â€Å"the way we do things around here†. It is about how people behave and treat each other within the organization. Getting a right culture is important also creation and maintenance of a strong culture within the organization is a major concern of many HRM strategies. Moreover, wide ranges of social, competitive and economic pressures are driving the needs for change in the organization. There are a few approaches to characterize an organizational culture and we will be taking Deal & Kennedy and Charles Handy as examples. They have described the types of culture for achieving organizational effectiveness. Charles Handy characterized culture in terms of the relationship between the organization and individuals and also the importance of power and hierarchy. He has described four types of culture, which are power, role, task and person. One of these may dominate the entire organization or different cultures may exist in various parts of the firm. Power culture Power culture depends on a central power source. It is associated with the entrepreneurial form from a single central source, which can be called the web, as in a small business. There are few rules and procedures and few committees. Decisions are made by a selective of key individuals. The principles factors determine power culture: à ¼ A rapidly changing environment that allow a quicker response time within which changes should take place. à ¼ Smallness-size is a problem for power culture à ¼ The need for adaptability à ¼ The need to encourage individual initiative à ¼ Dislike of committees and bureaucracy Role culture Role culture is often associated with organisaional bureaucracy structure. It operates through formal roles and procedures. The culture works on logic and rational and strengths in its functions and specialties. In... Free Essays on Organisation Culture Free Essays on Organisation Culture Organisational Culture Organizational culture can be described in a few ways. Marvin Bower & McKinseys has defined culture as â€Å"the way we do things around here†. It is about how people behave and treat each other within the organization. Getting a right culture is important also creation and maintenance of a strong culture within the organization is a major concern of many HRM strategies. Moreover, wide ranges of social, competitive and economic pressures are driving the needs for change in the organization. There are a few approaches to characterize an organizational culture and we will be taking Deal & Kennedy and Charles Handy as examples. They have described the types of culture for achieving organizational effectiveness. Charles Handy characterized culture in terms of the relationship between the organization and individuals and also the importance of power and hierarchy. He has described four types of culture, which are power, role, task and person. One of these may dominate the entire organization or different cultures may exist in various parts of the firm. Power culture Power culture depends on a central power source. It is associated with the entrepreneurial form from a single central source, which can be called the web, as in a small business. There are few rules and procedures and few committees. Decisions are made by a selective of key individuals. The principles factors determine power culture: à ¼ A rapidly changing environment that allow a quicker response time within which changes should take place. à ¼ Smallness-size is a problem for power culture à ¼ The need for adaptability à ¼ The need to encourage individual initiative à ¼ Dislike of committees and bureaucracy Role culture Role culture is often associated with organisaional bureaucracy structure. It operates through formal roles and procedures. The culture works on logic and rational and strengths in its functions and specialties. In...

EDU 636 DB4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EDU 636 DB4 - Essay Example Books are not enough anymore due to advances in technology (Brooks, 1949, p.8). This report would discuss some appropriate instructional media for each level of Bloom’s cognitive domain. The first level is knowledge which is often used to recall information or data. The instructional media appropriate for this level are graphics, charts, photographs, and charts. Using symbols can be very helpful in assisting learner’s to recall valuable information. For example, pre-school children can effectively match a word with a certain object or symbol. The suggested media would not take the place of the teacher but only act as an aid or additional resource for learner. The second level of the cognitive domain is comprehension which involves interpretation of information such as following instructions, rewriting information or explaining in one’s own words material that has been read. Audio media such as podcast or student presentation can help learners realize this cogniti ve domain. If a student can make a power point presentation of a report in class that is very informative, then comprehension is achieved.

Pollution Use in Future Life Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pollution Use in Future Life - Research Proposal Example Life in the future is more likely to involve taking advantage of pollution as a means of not only attaining economic but also social and political goals that are useful for the whole of society. In the future, there will be a realization of the inevitability of the world becoming further polluted than it is already. This realization will create a situation where the leaders of the world will stop attempting to fight pollution and will instead spearhead the development of means through which all human beings will be able to adjust to the new environment (Bakari 23). Under these circumstances, it will be necessary to devise new types of technology, such as houses which are resistant to the effects of pollution, so that individuals in the society might not be affected by its harmful effects. Furthermore, it will be essential for protective clothing to be developed and this will be done in a manner that ensures that individuals are not only dressed fashionable but are also protected from the dangerous environment that will have come about as a result of pollution. These developments will create a situation where there will be a rise of new industries specialized in them and this will ensure that there is greater economic development in many parts of the world. Industries based on the determination to ensure that human beings adapt to the new global environment might be considered to be another form of industrial revolution because it will not only help in the creation of better living conditions but will also help individuals in businesses all over the world to make plenty of money.  

Renewabe Energy Sources Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Renewabe Energy Sources - Research Paper Example Renewable energy sources and the significant opportunities for the energy efficiency exist over a wide geographical area. Deployment of the renewable energy and technological diversification of the energy sources would result in a significant energy security and economic benefits (Johansson, 2007). There are several uncertainties surrounding the future of renewable sources of energy. There are claims that the available sources will be unable meet the demand in the future. In the past, the renewable energy has been terribly expensive to produce and use than fossils fuels. The renewable resources are mainly located in the remote areas, and it is terribly expensive to build the power lines in urban areas where electricity produced is needed. The use of this energy sources is also limited by the fact that they are not always available for use. During the cloudy days, they may be no solar power produced (Tiwari, 2012). When the winds are calm, and there is drought there would be no hydrop ower produced in such a case. The use and production of the renewable sources has grown in the recent years as a result of high prices of gas and natural oil. The use of this energy is expected to continue rising over the next thirty years, although EIA projects will have to continue relying on the non-renewable fuels in order to meet the energy needs. Other sources of energy like the fossils cause an environmental hazard because they contribute in the global warming. The United States is the leading consumer of energy; her energy is expected to rise in the future. Alternative sources will be used; this will ease the burden of importing petroleum products (Fra?ss-Ehrfeld, 2009). Therefore, U.S should be in the front line in developing the energy sources such as the wind and solar power. This will substantially boost the economy, hence reducing global warming and also help their citizen to save money. Unfortunately, oil companies have always been able to influence the department of E nergy to reject proposals on additional sources of energy. It has always been that the decision of the department on the project will depend on the opinions of the oil companies. Few countries have the capabilities of storing the energy for use. This is an exercise which requires funding; this makes it difficult to establish various points where the energy can be stored (Laughton, 2006). Sources like geothermal and water requires funds to implement the project. Lack of knowledge can also be a problem when implementing the project of renewable from of energy. Projects like geothermal and hydropower have to be implemented by electrical engineers, which might be a significant problem while finding one. Solar energy utilizes the infrared radiations to emit energy. This can be used at night and does not require additional resources. Despite requiring, no resources the people implementing must have the required knowledge to implement the project successfully. Energy is a necessary resourc e that is necessary for all industrial societies. Natural sources of energy like fossil fuels pose a risk to the environment. Other sources of energy are not sufficient to meet the demand for energy. These conditions require the United States to find alternative sources of energy. These alternative sources must meet the demands of energy which will reduce the risks of global warming. Th

Quantitative Easing After the Financial Crisis

Quantitative Easing After the Financial Crisis Jose Nunez The global financial crisis started in August 2007 and lasted to 2009, which was the collapse of the subprime mortgage market (lenders with higher interest rates demand, and borrowers that can repay their loans) that led to a huge amount of losses to financial institutions in that time. The crisis led to one of the worst markets in the past 50 years. The impact it had on the economy was severe, it lead to a downward growth for U.S. companies, and an increase of uncertainty for the U.S. economy. The causes of the 2007- 2009 financial crisis were: financial innovation in mortgage markets, agency problems in the mortgage markets, and the role of asymmetric information in the credit rating process. There weren’t as many innovations back then, so before the year 2000 only credit worthy borrowers could get mortgages unlike others that didn’t have good credit. After advances in technology and new statistical techniques, that led to better evaluations on credit risk for a new risky loan to be made. FICO was developed by the Fair Isaac Corporation, which just predicted the outcome of how likely it was for a borrower to default on their loans and not pay the loan back. By lowering the cost of transactions, newer technology was able to bundle smaller loans that were similar to mortgages into debt securities. With these factors the banks were able to give out subprime mortgages to borrowers with less than good credit scores. Also, there were agency problems in the market, the brokers who made the loans usually did not make an effort to see whether the people taking the loans could actually pay the loans back, in other words they just gave out the loans to almost complete strangers that they knew very little about and they did not have the same interest as the investors had; once the broker earned his or her commission from the loan he or she did not care about the whether the borrowers paid or did not pay the loan off. Credit rating agencies were also a factor because of their asymmetric information; they were telling clients how to structure financial instruments at the time they rated the products so different information was being passed from firms to the borrowers. The effects it had on the U.S. economy were; housing prices went down, many subprime borrowers were finding that their mortgages were going underwater meaning that the house value was falling below the amount of the mortgage. Many homeowners just walked away from their homes giving the keys back to the lenders because the prices were going down. The default on mortgages rose tremendously, which led to many foreclosures. Value of mortgages backed securities and CDOs went down as well, and left the value of those assets to banks and financial institutions. Many of the well-known firms from had to be sold off to other larger companies for less than what they once worth and others had to file for bankruptcy. With all the things that happen in 2007-2009 in the economy, the crisis did not lead to a depression because of the actions of the Federal Reserve and government bailouts of the financial institutions but many call it a â€Å"great recession† instead. The economic recovery has been slow because people are now scared to invest their money in the markets and do not what to take on other risks, jobs are going overseas, inflation is rising, and economies of other countries are going down as well. Michael Farr said in an article from the Huffington â€Å"Corporate managers are just doing what works. Following the financial crisis, investors are not in the mood to take big risks. They would rather have the certainty that comes with higher dividend payments and increased stock buybacks†. When the economy is about to slip into a recession or depression the government uses a tactic called quantitative easing. Quantitative easing is when the central bank makes purchases from the market to bring down the interest rates so more people can have money in their pockets to spend and invest in the market. Federal Reserve gives the financial institutions money so they can lend out to the consumers and increase liquidity. Some of the down sides of quantitative easing are that it can cause inflation to increase due to being a certain amount of goods that are being sold when the money supply of the consumers has increased, and another is that instead of the banks lending out the money that was meant to be loaned out to people or companies was being kept by the banks instead. This strategy of the government in our last financial crisis was not really affective because the banks kept the money for reserve instead of lending it out the people and companies to increase liquidity and s pending. Many articles have been saying that the government has ended QE but according to an article by Terry Burnham  on pbs.org argues, By all accounts, the  Federal Reserve ended its bond buying program, known as quantitative easing, at its policy meeting at the end of last month. Over six years, the central bank bought $4.5 trillion worth of mortgage-backed securities and Treasury bonds. But since the beginning of this year, the Fed has been gradually drawing down its purchases by $10 billion a month to now, zero. It’s not that simple, though, says economist  Terry Burnham. The Fed is continuing what he calls â€Å"Stealth QE,† or the purchase ofmorebonds with the interest the Fed earns on the bonds it has already purchased. In order to stop that, he writes, the Fed would need to shrink its balance sheet by the amount of interest that it earns. Deleverage is when banks start to lose capital so they fall back on loaning money to others. They try to reduce the debt they have by selling their assets. Losses on their loans they gave out begin to drop in value which drops the net worth of the banks and financial institutions. Tejvan Pettinger said â€Å"To reduce debts people sell off assets to gain liquidity. Selling assets causes fall in the price of shares and house prices. Falling house prices cause lower consumer spending, negative equity and more losses for banks.† With less capital the banks and financial institutions have, the more risky they look towards others causing lender-savers to take out their funds. The decrease in funds will mean fewer loans to produce investments. Deleverage hurts the economy for those reasons. Globalization is when different countries trade with each other things such as products, ideas, aspects of their cultures, and other subject matters. Globalization has been increasing and has been getting easier due to the fact of newer and more advanced technology that has been invented till today to help us communicate with each other and transport product from one place to another. With globalization the cost of goods that we are buying that are coming from different parts of the world are low, compared to if we were to make them here because, it cost less for others to make it in their own country. Also the variety of goods within a country will increase because maybe we can’t produce certain goods here like other countries are able too. With globalization we have free trade, promoting jobs, keeping cost of goods low in the economy, and it’s making business more competitive thus stimulating the economy. Globalization also has a negative impact on the economy, that i s jobs are being moved over seas and outsourcing jobs to other places in the worked. The rich will continue to get richer and people looking for jobs will have to take on new jobs for less money because companies are moving out of the country. Both inflation and deflation can have a negative impact in the economy if inflation and deflation rises are severe. Inflation means the prices of goods and services are going up, lowering the purchasing power of the people and lowering the value of the dollar. A certain amount of inflation can also mean that we have a healthy economy because prices of goods and services will continue to go up. Deflation is the opposite of inflation, so instead of the rising prices of goods and services the prices are falling. When deflation is happening people tend to save more money and spend less because the value of the dollar is increasing. By not spending more the demand for goods and services drops and unemployment increases because not many people want to buy things. Deflation can be caused by a decrease in spending by the government, and people. There are also pages that say QE can also lead to deflation. The Wall Street Journal said â€Å"Nearly a decade after Japan’s central bank fi rst experimented with the policy, the country remains mired in deflation, a general decline in wages and prices that has crippled its economy.† Moderate levels of both inflation and deflation are normal have little effect on the economy. Works Cited Burnham, Terry. â€Å"So you thought quantitative easing was over? Think again† PBS News Hour. 24 November 2014. Farr, Michael. â€Å"What Is Causing the Drag?† The Huffington Post, 21 November 2014. Mishkin, S. Frederic. â€Å"The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets Tenth Edition.† Colombia College. Pearson, 2013. Print. Pettinger, Tejvan. â€Å"Paradox of Deleveraging.† Economics Help, 6 May 2009. WashingtonsBlog. â€Å"Why QE May Lead to DEFLATION In the Long Run.† Washington’s Blog. 18 November 2014.

Breastfeeding vs. Bottle Feeding Essay -- Nutritional Advantages of Br

Nutrition and breastfeeding are subjects that can relate greatly to each other. New mothers are in a need of information regarding breastfeeding. Mothers receive the information and instructions on how to breastfeed at the hospital where they bear their children. That information is essential in the decision making process of whether to breastfeed or not. Still the clear choice for mothers everywhere is breastfeeding for several important life affecting reasons. Breast milk is highly nutritional, protects from various diseases, ideal in growth, promotes bonding, and is beneficial for the mother in a recovery process after labor. People tend to find other ways to feed the new born babies other then breastfeeding. That way is the usage of baby formulas. Sometimes mother tend to use formulas instead of breast milk. Below are some of the reasons why a mother may choose to feed her baby with a formula: The mother or baby has a chronic illness or condition. An example is a mother with Hepatitis B. The mother may use prescription medications or other drugs. These may be passed through the milk and harm the baby. The mother is returning to work and finds breastfeeding too difficult. The mother is uncomfortable with the process. All of these reasons are acceptable, and mothers know the possible consequences of their actions. Breastfeeding usually goes on for within the first twelve months of infant's life; nevertheless, there are some extreme breast feeders that do it for years. Although most mothers try to breastfeed the infants no matter what condition they are in. A vitamin called Colostrums is high in protein, zinc, and other minerals. It contains less fat, carbohydrates, and calories t... ... or woman should get pregnant in order to lose weight. Females should not do that because it is just a scientific fact that affected not all individuals in the same way. Nutrition and breastfeeding are essential parts of the nursing mother. It is essential because without it we would have a world with sick, underdeveloped, malnutritioned, and untrusting individuals. Fortunately breastfeeding gets rid of all these extremities. Feeding from the breast is something that protects not only the mother, but the baby too. There is nothing else in the world like it. Some nutrients in it are only found in a human body. What else could a mother ask for? All the diseases that are easily acquired by a defenseless organism of a baby are now stoppable because of the mother's natural resistant and supplier of necessary material. That resistant and material is breast milk.

Justification Of Location

Latty’s Beauty salon will be located in the town of Cave Valley in the parish of St. Ann. The entrepreneur chooses this location for several reasons, these include the availability of land for the entrepreneur to operate business on, the availability of labour, there are persons searching for such works and this will be of good help to them and also for competition because there is little or no competition thus the business has a advantage to maximize its profits. There are few businesses in the area therefore there is sufficient and suitable space for the business which is affordable. The type of labour needed is both skilled and semi-skilled. This is mainly because the entrepreneur wants to ensure that persons business to the salon is able to work efficiently and effectively. The business will employ a total of seven (7) persons. Four skilled or semi-skilled hair dressers, three skilled nail technicians and one supervisor. The supervisor will monitor the performance of workers to ensure the objectives of the business are met, and motivating workers to stay on the task they are assigned t until the task is accomplished. The reason this type of labour is necessary is to carry out the production process efficiently and is skilled at what they are doing. The supervisor must have at least 2 years’ experience in supervising a business or a salon at that. 2 CXC and a certificate is required by the nail technicians and the hair dressers should be capable of doing the tasks required or a certificate.

Learn How to Conjugate Parler (to Talk) in French

Learn How to Conjugate Parler (to Talk) in French The French verb  parler  literally means to talk or to speak. Youll find it used in a variety of idiomatic expressions and in order to use it properly, youll definitely want to know how to conjugate it. A quick lesson will introduce you to this very useful verb while learning many common phrases. Conjugating the French Verb  Parler We must learn how to conjugate verbs in order to place them in the correct tense for our sentences. By understanding how to do so, youll be able to use  parler  in the past tense, talked, the future tense will talk, and the present tense am talking. French students will be happy to know that parler is a  regular -er  verb. It follows the most common conjugation pattern in the French language, so learning how to conjugate it is relatively easy. If youve studied other regular -er  verbs, you can apply what you learned with those to this one. To begin, we must identify the verb stem, which is  parl. To this, we will add a variety of endings that match both the subject pronoun and the tense of the sentence. The most common forms of this are the indicative moods, which are found in this first chart. Using it, you will learn that I am talking is  je parle  and we will talk is  nous parlerons. Practice these in context to help speed up your memorization. Present Future Imperfect je parle parlerai parlais tu parles parleras parlais il parle parlera parlait nous parlons parlerons parlions vous parlez parlerez parliez ils parlent parleront parlaient The  present participle  of  parler  is  parlant. This is formed by adding -ant  to the verb stem. Another form of the past tense is the passà © composà ©. To form it for  parler, you will use the auxiliary verb  avoir  along with the past participle  parlà ©. For instance, we spoke is  nous avons parlà ©. Among the other basic conjugations you may need for parler are the subjunctive and the conditional. These two verb moods imply that the act of talking may or may not happen depending on circumstances and there are rules for using both. Also, the passà © simple and the imperfect subjunctive may be useful, particularly if you do a lot of formal reading or writing in French. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je parle parlerais parlai parlasse tu parles parlerais parlas parlasses il parle parlerait parla parlt nous parlions parlerions parlmes parlassions vous parliez parleriez parltes parlassiez ils parlent parleraient parlrent parlassent The imperative verb mood is used to say short commands such as, Talk! When using it, skip the subject pronoun and simply say, Parle ! Imperative (tu) parle (nous) parlons (vous) parlez Expressions With  Parler Learn how to babble, be a good speaker, make small talk, and more with these expressions that use  parler. When the expression defines a subject, the proper conjugation is included for you. Others will require you to use your new conjugations skills to form a sentence. Ways to Talk   There are many forms of talking and ways to describe this action. Each requires some form of  parler  and many of these will need to be conjugated. parler to talk to parler tort et travers to talk drivel, babble parler au coeur to speak to the heart parler du fond du coeur to speak from the heart parler avec les mains to speak with ones hands se parler to talk to oneself; to talk to one another le parler speech, dialect le parler de tous les jours everyday language le parler vrai straight talking le parler vulgaire vulgar/coarse way of speaking parler par nigmesparler par paraboles to speak in riddles parler par gestes to use sign language Describing How Someones Talking You can use adjectives to describe the manner in which someone is talking. Here are a few common examples to give you a good foundation for saying such things in French. parler crment to speak bluntly parler distinctement to speak distinctly parler franc to speak frankly parler dor to speak words of wisdom parler pour ne rien dire to talk for the sake of talking You Speak Well (or  Not) There are also many common phrases that refer to how well someone speaks. These are useful, especially when youre new to the language. parler bien to speak well, be a good speaker parler mal to speak poorly, not be a good speaker parler comme un livre (derogatory) to talk like a book parler le franais comme une vache espagnole (informal) to speak French terribly, literally to speak French like a Spanish cow parler le franais couramment to speak French fluently Parlez-vous anglais ? Do you speak English? Parlez-vous franais ? Do you speak French? Voil qui est (bien) parl ! Here! Here! Well said! Things to Talk About In conversation, you will have many things to talk about. Using these phrases as a base, you can substitute words and explain that youre talking about almost anything. parler de to talk about parler affaires to talk about business parler boutique (informal) to talk shop parler de choses et dautres to talk about this and that, to make small talk parler de faire quelque chose to talk about doing something parler de la pluie et du beau temps to talk about this and that, to make small talk parler politique to talk politics To Complain Talking does come with complaining at times, so you might need these phrases on occasion. parler du nez to speak through ones nose parler en lair to talk without acting, to complain but not do anything parler mal de quelquun to speak ill of someone aimer scouter parler to like to hear oneself talk, to like the sound of ones own voice I Heard... Other common French expressions refer to hearing someone speak about something or someone else. Remember to conjugate  parler  as needed for these. dire quelquun sa faon de parler to tell someone what one thinks/feels entendre parler de... to hear (someone talking) about... faire parler to make talk, loosen ones tongue, draw out faire parler de soi to get oneself talked about ne jamais en parler to never talk about something Talk About Yourself When you want to tell someone about yourself, youll find these expressions helpful. Je parle franais. I speak French. Je parle un peu de franais. I speak a little French. Je ne parle pas franais. I dont speak French. Mais je parle, je parle... But enough about me... moi qui vous parle I myself/personally Talk About or To Someone Else In other instances, you might be speaking about someone else. There are also a few phrases in this list that can be used when talking directly to someone. parler pour quelquun to speak for someone, on someones behalf vous parler franc to be frank with you Vous navez qu parler. Just say the word. On parle beaucoup de lui comme... Hes being talked about as a possible/likely... Nous ne nous parlons pas. Were not speaking (at the moment). Ne men parlez pas ! (informal) Youre telling me! Tu parles ! (informal) Youre telling me!, You must be joking! Parlons-en ! (informal) Fat chance! You must be joking! Tu peux parler ! (informal) You can talk! Youre a fine one to talk! Tu parles si... ! (informal) You must be joking if...! A fat lot of... ! Tu parles dun... ! Talk about a...! Nen parlons plus ! Lets not talk about that any more. On ma beaucoup parl de vous. Ive heard a lot about you. Quand on parle du loup (on en voit la queue). Speak of the devil (and he appears). Just to Clarify When you need to clarify a point in French or ask someone else to do so, knowing these phrases will come in handy. Parle pour toi ! Speak for yourself! Parlez plus fort. Speak up. Parlons peu mais parlons bien. Lets get straight to the point. sans parler de... not to mention..., let alone... ...et je ne parle pas de... not to mention... Everyones Talking   Is everyone talking about something? If so, then youll want to know how to tell someone else. On ne parle que de a. Thats all people are talking about. Tout le monde en parle. Everyones talking about it. Toute la ville en parle. Its the talk of the town. Unusual Uses of  Parler While  parler  means to talk, there are instances in which it has other meanings. As you can see in the following expressions, the verb can be deceptive at times and its all about the context of the sentence. Tout me parle de toi. Everything reminds me of you. parler limagination to appeal to the imagination parler aux yeux to appeal to the eye trouver qui parler to meet ones match faire parler la poudre to start a gunfight/war Cest vous de parler. (card game) Its your bid. Figures of Speech Well finish up with a few common figures of speech that also use  parler. These are nice additions to your French vocabulary and can help you remain part of any conversation. Cest une faon de parler. Its (just) a figure of speech. Ce ... me parle. This... really speaks to me. Ce ... ne me parle pas. This... doesnt do anything for me. Cest parler un mur. Its like talking to a wall. Le devoir a parl. Duty called. Les faits parlent deux-mmes. The facts speak for themselves.

Great Ideas that can Help all Students Write the American Dream Essay

Great Ideas that can Help all Students Write the American Dream Essay When writing your American dream essay, reflect your passion and hard work in this academic work to get high grades. There are some steps that you should take to impress readers. Picking a great topic for the American dream essay is one of the most effective strategies to use, but you need to research it carefully. Proceed with this academic assignment by reflecting different perspectives. Structure your American dream essay after learning more about the culture, life, and social trends of this mighty country. It should include your strong thesis statement that introduces key aspects. Conduct your in-depth research based on many interesting dimensions and ideas related to the American dream concept to impress teachers or instructors. How to write the best American dream essay Consider these important factors when writing the American dream essay: Sort out interesting and suitable American dream essay topics to choose a good one for your piece of writing; Use your efficient analytical skills to frame a strong thesis statement; Write a separate section with the definitions of important terms; Use relevant quotes to make your paper more appealing to readers; In a concluding paragraph, sum up major details and restate your thesis. How to create the American dream essay outline? Make the American dream essay outline by listing a topic sentence of every paragraph because it’s a simple way to ensure that all sections will serve their specific purposes. Feel free to eliminate or combine potential sections when outlining. That’s because the first draft may contain repetitive ideas or facts that have a negative impact on the central argument of your essay about American dream. If you have any problems with revising it, your outline offers an efficient way to identify the weak and strong sides of your academic paper. How to write the American dream essay introduction? An introductory paragraph prepares readers for your major argument. It should start with a discussion of your chosen American dream subject and give context to prepare them for your thesis statement, which comes at the end of this section and states the central argument or purpose of the entire paper concisely and clearly. The introduction prepares readers for your statement. Body Paragraphs Your American dream assignment should contain the main body with these basic elements: Each paragraph needs a separate topic sentence that introduces its major idea; Put enough evidence, such as expert quotes, statistics, facts, and other data to prove it; A concluding sentence should sum up all details and include smooth transitions. ASK FOR PROFESSIONAL HELP The American dream essay conclusion The American dream essay conclusion should both restate your major claim and tie it into a broader discussion. How to do that? Revisit a thesis statement and focus on finishing your paper by leaving valuable comments, offering a further study, or including a call to action instead of simply reiterating all points in the conclusion of your American dream essay. Why use a hook for American dream essay? Consider the opening sentence of your piece of writing as a catchy hook that grabs readers’ attention and allows you to reel them into it. A hook for American dream essay can be in the form of thought-provoking questions, interesting quotes, entertaining anecdotes, little-known facts, statistics, or anything else. How to choose good American dream essay topics? There are many interesting ideas that concern the American dream, but it’s hard and confusing to pick the best one. Look for something interesting and unique. Consider the following list of useful suggestions. Common topics to write about the American dream What is the American dream essay; Whether people need to judge how others achieve their American dream; The Great Gatsby American dream essay; A particular generation of people who worked a lot to make their American dream come true; Does the American dream still exist today essay; Share your personal opinion about the American dream; Is the American dream achievable essay. Narrative and descriptive topics for your American dream paper Choose a life event or accomplishment that is a part of the American dream; Explain to readers how it’s like for immigrants to achieve their American dream; Describe any person you’re familiar with who made it come true; Share your opinion if the American dream is worth pursuing. What are ideas for college and high-school students? Prejudices that ruined the American Dream; If it’s possible to revive the original American Dream; The development of the American Dream; True beneficiaries of the American Dream; Whether the American dream is a fallacy. If you’re struggling to write about the American dream, use examples below. If they aren’t enough to draft a perfect paper, get our professional assistance and order high-quality custom writing services. Hire our experienced authors to succeed. ORDER MY AMERICAN DREAM ESSAY What is the American dream essay The American dream has always been an important part of the culture and society in America. It still remains relevant in modern times. What is the American dream? It’s worth mentioning that people can’t measure it bases on what they have because they need to apply its principles to social matters and trends. The first part is the dream of abundance. It’s all about the ability to be filled with material goods. Many other countries envy a nation or consumers and producers because only a few of them can match the sheer range of goods that America makes. Think about the dream of democracy and equal rights. This concept is about people’s ability to buy goods, regardless of who they are and where they’re from, and it links back to their constitutional rights. The dream of freedom of choice is another important part. It ties back to the state constitution, which allows people to choose their own lifestyles, use different goods, and have the freedom to be who they want to be. Don’t forget about the dream of novelty. It’s all about the concept of a broadening of consumer choice and it has a huge impact on the American society today. Current skills on demand keep changing over time. It’s not necessary for people to specialize in specific areas to get along in their lives because they can be sure that there’s always a demand to niche skills to provide them with more freedom of choice. The constitution is significant for the American dream because it wouldn’t be able to persevere without this legal document. Nowadays, the American dream stays relevant. How people make it come true change, but its basic principles remain the same, and the main difference is that young people choose innovation methods to go about their pursuit. The American dream is a symbol of prosperity. Does the American dream still exist today essay Some people argue whether the American dream remains obtainable and alive. They all have unique values and lives. This means that people have different definitions of the American dream. One of the main reasons why it’s alive is that there are endless opportunities that people get on a daily basis. Many public schools provide their students with the tools and methods they require to succeed, so it’s only up to them if to use them to achieve life goals or not. What’s next? Another fact proving that the American dream exists is that people have multiple job opportunities at their disposal. Not all of them end up becoming famous lawyers or doctors, but they all can be successful and earn their living. The world is full of available opportunities. There are different jobs to choose from, such as construction workers, apprentices, electricians, technicians, lab employees, engineers, and so on. It’s not even necessary to attend any college. There are many successful and prosperous people who failed to obtain their college degree, but it didn’t stop them from making the American dream come true. Why do people feel that it’s not alive today? Most of them end up thinking this way because of the economy. America has weaker job markets and slower economic growth, and that’s why most interest rate profits don’t go to the public. The national debt is quite high, which is another contributing factor, but it results in higher taxes that help earn more revenue. The major negative effect of the national debt is increasing inflation. It can lead to lower standard of living. Despite the above-mentioned negative trends, there are positive concepts and factors proving that the American dream still exists in the modern world. Many people keep pursuing it for different reasons. Some of them want to be happy, while others prefer to get rich or achieve other life goals.

Introduction to Multimedia and Design Assignment

Introduction to Multimedia and Design - Assignment Example Designing a logo is a multi-staged process that invokes the incorporation of various factors as discussed in the essay below. The process begins with the conception of the idea. This includes the identification of a need that justifies the development of the logo. The next stage is the collection of features of the company or organization to portray in the logo. The process if consultative as the designer consults the designer in order to determine the feature of the company to capture in the logo. Through the consultation, the designer considers the colors, shapes and images to incorporate in the logo. Organizations have corporate colors, which easily identifies them. The designer should determine the colors that would not only make the logo communicate but equally aesthetic. After the determination of the elements to incorporate in the design process, the next stage is sketching. This refers to the process of developing shapes for consideration. As the designer creates the shapes, he must consult the clients in order to determine the appropriate shapes. Additionally, the designer must carry out research in order to avert any cases of product similarity. Successive stages include the designing, proofing and final designing. The process is progressive with all the stages succeeding each other chronologically. As stated earlier, the design process is interactive owing to the need to satisfy the demands of various stakeholders associated with the finished products. In the design process, the designer assumes the position of various stakeholders including the target audience. As such, he must therefore consider the use of the various colors in a manner that will communicate and appeal to the specific publics. Among the demands encountered in the process of designing a logo include the need for uniqueness, creativity and relevant. Coupled with thee need to satisfy

Network Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Network Security - Research Paper Example In this regard, network security comprises the measures a company can take to protect its computer network, and it is a prime concern for every company that uses computers. On the other hand, if a company does not implement appropriate network security then an attacker or opponent can get access and utilize the important or secret data and information, probably causing data destruction or damage, or even the entire destruction of the computer network. In addition, the revolution of internet has modernized our lives. However these technologies as well have introduced some of the severe safety as well as confidentiality problems. These issues can be tremendously devastating for private information. In this scenario network management systems and procedures are used for the effective management of various aspects regarding network security (Kaminsky and Foster; Armoni; Kaminsky and Foster; Bhattacharya and Ghosh). This paper will present a detailed overview of network security, network security policy, importance of network security policy, its implementation and design considerations for network security. At the moment, network security is a hot topic for the organizations as well as individuals. This research is aimed to highlight technology involved in network security, future trends of network security, companies adopting this issue, regulatory issues in network security and global implications. Network Security Policy The security policy is essentially an arrangement, describing in detail the organization’s decisive resources as well as how well they are organized. Additionally, the basic purpose of building a security policy is to offer the employees with a concise summary of the "satisfactory utilization" of some of the business information and resources. In addition, the intention behind this policy is to proficiently describe the allowable rights of users and consequently employing them in protecting the business sensitive and critical information systems. The security plan behaves like a "must interpret" basis of company information for everybody exploiting in some approach, computer and network resources considered as possible targets. However, a high-quality and superbly established security policy ought to tackle a number of these subsequent fundamentals: (Danchev; Kim, Lee and Han; Bakry) How susceptible business data must be managed How passwords and other credentials have to be upheld effectively How to react to a possible safety event, interruption efforts, etc. How to utilize computers as well as internet technology in a safe way How to suitably exploit the business communication infrastructure On the whole, the prime causes following the formation of a safety policy is to set a business’s sensitive data and information security basics. Another aspect is to clarify to employees how they are liable for the security of business resources and assets, and emphasize the significance of taking benefit from protected business communications when the business activities are being conducted through web based technology (Danchev; Kim, Lee and Han; Bakry). The Need of Network Security Policy Since forming a high-quality security policy offers the basics for the flourishing application of security allied activities in the upcoming period. In this scenario, the initial movement in improving a business’s security is the performance of a specific however

Role of Social Media in Public Relation Development Essay - 2

Role of Social Media in Public Relation Development - Essay Example The growth of social networking sites and an increasing population of internet users around the globe have made a significant impact on PR sectors. Advanced Desktop Publishing (DTP) is one such development in this sector which has immensely helped in spreading information in an attractive manner without spending much time of reader’s (Sriramesh & Versis, n.d.). Advanced DTP is a tool which makes it possible to create newsletters, reports and even books with the help of a personal computer and proper software. The basic idea of DTP is to publish attractive and unambiguous documentation of particular information so that any user can be conversant of the article with ease. I strongly believe that it is an effective way of spreading information within a short period of time (Wang, n.d.). Correspondingly, the main advantages of adopting advanced DTP by any organization in its PR strategies can be illustrated as cost and efficiency. In my point of view, one of the potential advantag es of advanced DTP can be associated with a limited requirement of experts to perform the task. The use of advanced DTP can be performed by any individual having minimum knowledge of computer applications. Consequently, it saves significant cost by minimizing the need for assistance from professionals in involving information communication technology as a tool for PR (Wang, n.d.). Similarly, another benefit of advanced DTP can be attributed to the time factor. In this context, it can be postulated that instead of spending time on having a correction with the outside printer, with the use of advanced DTP the documents can be previewed resulting in minimized wastage of resources as well as time efficiency to communicate the intended message (Wang, n.d.). The new forms of media have undoubtedly turned out to be vital aspects for any organization in spreading messages or communicating with the general public through effective PR strategies. Apparently, as per my understanding, the relat ion between the PR industry and the news media is continually strengthening. The development of modern information and communication technology has changed many of the dynamics between PR and traditional way of communicating with publics (Larsson, 2009). I firmly admit that the development of information and communication technology has benefited the PR industry to a great extent. Development in sectors like a database, DTP, and e-mail technologies have provided ease to PR department by making the communication process much faster and more effective than the past. Apparently, PR, as an industry, has become much important than it was in the traditional era. Today, the increase in the media sector is generally seen through the PR industry. It can be said that a decade ago, the media was less dependent on the PR industry as there were only a few newspapers, television channels and few occasional magazines to be published. However, the condition today has dramatically changed over the y ears. Consequently, the need of PR has increased to a great extent where technology has become one of the many considerable factors that have significantly facilitated the PR industry to rapidly grow in the 21st century (Trotman Publishing, 2001). The knowledge of advanced DTP is considered as one of the most important aspects for a PR publisher.  

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Essay Example for Free

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Essay Etiology of Diabetes Mellitus â€Å"Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.† (Association, National Center for Biotechnology Information , 2009, p. 1) â€Å"The cause of type 1 and type 2 diabetes remains a mystery. Although genetic factors may play a role†. (Association, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, 2010, pp. 562-569) Diabetes mellitus generally results from an insulin deficiency or resistance. Insulin transports sugar into cells for use as energy and storage as glycogen which is a carbohydrate. Insulin also stimulates protein synthesis and free fatty acid storage. Insulin deficiency or resistance compromises the bodies access to essential nutrients for fuel and storage. Several processes called pathogens(capable of causing disease) are involved in the development of diabetes. The reasons of the abnormalities in carbohydrates, fats, and protein metabolism in diabetes is deficient action of insulin on certain tissues in the body. The term Deficient insulin action, results from not enough insulin secretion and/or diminished tissue response to insulin at one or more points in the complex pathways of hormone action (a chemical messenger that transports a signal from one cell to another). If insulin secretion is blocked or impaired, then defects in the insulin action occur in the same patient, and it is often unclear which abnormality, the cause of the hyperglycemia. (Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, 1997, pp. 107-109) Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is defined as an autoimmune disorder or simply put an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. In other words, the body actually attacks its own cells (What-is-Autoimmune-Disease). This form of diabetes is brought on by a viral infection in which certain cells are destroyed which leads to absolute (complete) insulin deficiency and is usually diagnosed in childh ood. Many pediatric patients that have diabetes normally have Type 1 diabetes and therefore a lifetime dependency on insulin. â€Å"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, an anabolic hormone.† (Diabetes-MellitusDefinition-Causes-Symptoms-and-Treatment) In contrast Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a more progressive disorder in which the glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system known as the pancreas makes less insulin over time. Because the body’s cells have a reduced response to insulin, symptoms arise that include poor control of liver glucose (sugar) output, a decrease in cell function, and eventually cell failure. The true cause of Type 2 diabetes is unknown; however, it usually occurs in adulthood, from heredity, excessive obesity and sedentary lifestyle. These lifestyle choices may play a major role in its development. For both types of diabetes the main feature is chronic high blood glucose (sugar) levels (Ignatavicius, 2006). Risk factors for Diabetes Mellitus include obesity, physiologic or emotional stress, which can lead to an elevation of stress hormone levels. In women sometimes pregnancy, which causes weight gain and increases levels of estrogen and placental hormones, may aggravate insulin output. There is also something called the metabolic syndrome which is a combination of medical disorders that, when occurring together, increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There are also some medications that can provoke the effects of insulin, including thiazide diuretics, adrenal corticosteroids, and hormonal contraceptives (Mackay, 2004). Classification of Diabetes Mellitus There are several different types of diabetes mellitus; they may differ in cause, clinical course, and treatment. The major classifications of diabetes are: * Type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) is caused by B-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency a) Immune mediated b) Idiopathic * Type 2 diabetes (previously referred to as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) ranges from those with predominant insulin resistance associated with relative insulin deficiency, to those with a predominantly insulin secretory defect with insulin resistance (Alberti, 2007). Insulin is secreted by beta cells, which are one of four types of cells in the islets of Langerhans (dendritic cells = antigen-presenting immune cells) in the pancreas. Insulin is an anabolic, or storage hormone. When a person eats a meal, insulin secretion increases and moves sugar from the blood into muscle, liver, and fat cells. In those cells, insulin transports and metabolizes glucose for energy. Later it stimulates storage of sugar in the liver and muscle (in the form of glycogen). Following this it signals the liver to stop the release of glucose, then enhances storage of dietary fat in adipose which is a storage tissue. Finally it accelerates the transport of amino acids (derived from dietary protein) into the body’s cells. â€Å"Insulin also inhibits the breakdown of stored glucose, protein, and fat. During fasting periods (between meals and overnight), the pancreas continuously releases a small amount of insulin (basal insulin); another pancreatic hormone called glucagon (secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans) is released when blood glucose levels decrease and stimulate the liver to release stored glucose. The insulin and the glucagon together maintain a constant level of glucose in the blood by stimulating the release of glucose from the liver. Initially, the liver produces glucose through the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis). Glycogen is the storage form for glucose in the liver and muscles. Glycogenolysis is the conversion of glycogen into glucose in the liver. After 8 to 12 hours without food, the liver forms glucose from the breakdown of non-carbohydrate substances, including amino acids (gluconeogenesis)† (Hamouda, 2012). Type 1 Diabetes Treatment and Study This form of diabetes is immune-mediated in over 90% of cases and idiopathic in less than 10%. The rate of pancreatic B cell destruction is quite variable, being rapid in some individuals and slow in others. Type 1 diabetes is usually associated with ketosis in its untreated state. It occurs at any age but most commonly arises in children and young adults with a peak incidence before school age and again at around puberty. It is a catabolic disorder in which circulating insulin is virtually absent, plasma glucagon is elevated, and the pancreatic B cells fail to respond to all insulinogenic stimuli. Exogenous insulin is therefore required to reverse the catabolic state, prevent ketosis, reduce the hyperglucagonemia, and reduce blood glucose. Clinical manifestations of all types of diabetes include the â€Å"three Ps†: polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Polyuria (increased urination) and polydipsia (increased thirst) occur as a result of the excess loss of fluid associated with osmotic diuresis. The patient also experiences polyphagia (increased appetite) resulting from the catabolic state induced by insulin deficiency and the breakdown of proteins and fats. Other symptoms include fatigue and weakness, sudden vision changes, tingling or numbness in hands or feet, dry skin, skin lesions or wounds that are slow to heal, and recurrent infections (Hamouda, 2012, p. para. 8). The onset of type 1 Diabetes may also be associated with sudden weight loss or nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pains. (Association, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, 2010) In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the impact of diabetes mellitus on the central nervous system (Lukovits TG, 1999).Clinically and epidemiologically, it has been shown that diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents (Kannel WB, 1979), and may underlie many of the neuropsychological and cognitive deficits observed in diabetic patients (CM, 1988). Few studies have sought to establish the pathophysiological mechanisms that occur before these deficits appear, with a view to detecting early subclinical abnormalities that could serve as markers of the risk for stroke in patients who might benefit from preventive treatment. The study I read was performed in 15 insulin-dependent diabetics (eight men and seven women) with no history of central neurological symptoms. Their ages ranged from 27 to 59 years (mean 46 ±8 years) and the mean time since diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was 19 ±6 years. The characteristics of the patients are given in the Table below. The study was been reviewed by the hospitals ethics clinical committee, and before being enrolled each patient gave written informed consent. Characteristics of study subjects No. 15 Gender (M/F) 8/7 Age (years) 46 ±8 Arterial hypertension (yes/no) 5/12 Total cholesterol (mg/dl) 214 ±49 Time from diagnosis of IDDM (years) 19 ±6 Hemoglobin A1C (%) 8.19 ±0.8 Diabetic nephropathy (no/micro/macro albuminuria) 10/1/4 Diabetic retinopathy (yes/no) 7/8 Diabetic neuropathy (yes/no) 7/8 IDDM, Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus The study dealt with the Cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) which is the capacity of cerebral arteries and arterioles to dilate, thus increasing blood flow in areas of decreased perfusion pressure (WJ, 1991). It is one of the first mechanisms of the brain to be activated in cases of hemodynamic compromise and is an early indicator of its existence (Baron JC, 1981). The chemical Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, induces dilatation of the cerebral microvasculature and has been widely used in assessing CVR in large series of patients with different cerebrovascular disorders. (Julio F. Jimà ©nez-Bonilla, 2001). The study concluded that Insulin-dependent diabetic patients with no clinical history of neurological disorders present baseline abnormalities in cerebral perfusion and a decrease in CVR in extensive areas of the brain. The decrease in CVR and the behavior of baseline subclinical abnormalities after administration of acetazolamide suggested the existence of chronic cerebrovascular disease, the severity of which varied between patients and was better assessed with this technique than with baseline SPET (PET scan). In addition, the introduction of acetazolamide made it possible to classify baseline irregularities as being of probable metabolic origin or of probable ischemic origin. They concluded that the post-acetazolamide brain SPET is a valid tool which, in comparison with baseline SPET, provided additional information on cerebral perfusion in insulin-dependent diabetes. The technique should prove useful in evaluating future preventive strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of complications in diabetics. (Julio F. Jimà ©nez-Bonilla, 2001) The main goal of diabetes treatment is to normalize insulin activity and blood glucose levels to reduce the development of vascular and neuropathic complications. Insulin is indicated for type 1 diabetes as well as for type 2 diabetic patients with insulin openia whose hyperglycemia does not respond to diet therapy either alone or combined with other hypoglycemic drugs. The therapeutic goal for diabetes management is to achieve normal blood glucose levels (euglycemia) without hypoglycemia and without seriously disrupting the patient’s usual lifestyle and activity. There are five components of diabetes management †¢ Nutritional management – teaching the patient to eat properly and manage their diet accordingly. †¢ Exercise †¢ Monitoring – Use of a glucose meter and watching their numbers. †¢ Pharmacologic therapy – medicines that help level off sugars in their system. †¢ Education – finding out all the information they can about the disease so they will be informed as to the preventative measures taken to lead a more normal life. Bibliography Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. (1997). Diabetes Care, 20:1183-97. CITATIONS AND CLINICIANS NOTES: ETIOLOGY, PREDICTION, AND INCIDENCE OF DIABETES. (2005). Current Medical Literature: Diabetes, 22(2), 32-33. Alberti, K. M. (2007). International Diabetes Federation: a consensus on Type 2 diabetes prevention. Diabetic Medicine, 24(5), 451-463. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02157.x. Association, A. D. (2009, January). National Center for Biotechnology Information . Retrieved from PMC US National Library of Medicine : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2613584/ Association, A. D. (2010, January). Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care, pp. 562-569. Baron JC, B. M. (1981). Reversal of focal â€Å"misery-perfusion syndrome† by extra-intracranial arterial bypass in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia. A case study. Stroke, 12: 454-459. CM, R. (1988). Neurobehavioral complications of type I diabetes. Examination of possible risk factors. Diabetes Care, 11: 499-505. Diabetes-MellitusDefinition-Causes-Symptoms-and-Treatment. (n.d.). Retrieved 12 15, 2012, from www.healthguidance.org: http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/7366/1/Diabetes-MellitusDefinition-Causes-Symptoms-and-Treatment.html Hamouda, M. (2012, May 24).